Infrastructure

The built environment – water, sanitary, and solid waste systems, schools and clinics, urban planning and green spaces, and transportation networks – form a critical element of the human condition.

Institutions

People and organizations using formal and informal systems plan, deliver, and maintain these systems to provide these socially valuable benefits. Policies and laws provide the framework in which these institutions exist and define their function and goals.

Inclusion

The benefits, and costs, are distributed across a diverse range of stakeholders and are rarely, if ever, equally or equitably distributed. Tensions between social and environmental justice must often be balanced against cost-allocation fairness.